Advances in nanotechnology over the past decades allow us to develop new nanomaterials and step forward in the application of new technological tools. Nanomaterials represent a powerful tool against COVID-19 since they can be designed to act directly toward the infection, increase the effectiveness of conventional antiviral drugs, or even to trigger the immune response of the patient. Although many therapeutic strategies are being tested against COVID-19, more efforts should be devoted to fighting the virus. However, these strategies have not shown great clinical benefits and are only administered to attenuate the symptoms.
Since its appearance, several therapeutic approaches have been tested, including the use of repurposing drugs, such as broad-spectrum antivirals, nucleoside analogs, protease inhibitors, immunomodulators, and plasma therapies, among others. Currently, there are no vaccines or antiviral treatments officially approved for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19. The virus that causes COVID-19, known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is responsible for the infection of more than 21.8 million individuals and more than 772 thousand deaths in 216 countries, numbers which are still rising. The disease, which has an incredibly high spreading rate, was discovered in late December 2019, in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic represents an unprecedented public health concern. Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
Valéria Maria de Oliveira Cardoso, Bruna Juliana Moreira, Edson José Comparetti, Isabella Sampaio, Leonardo Miziara Barboza Ferreira, Paula Maria Pincela Lins and Valtencir Zucolotto *
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